Research Progress of Seafloor Pockmarks in Spatio-Temporal Distribution and Classification     

XU Cuiling  XU Guoqiang  XING Junhui  SUN Zhilei  WU Nengyou 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2020,19(1):69-80

Seafloor pockmarks are important indicators of submarine methane seepages and slope instabilities.In order to promote the understanding of submarine pockmarks and their relationship with sediment instabilities and climate changes,here we summarize the research results of pockmarks in the spatio-temporal distributions and shaping factors.Most of pockmarks occur along active or passive continental margins during the last 25 kyr B.P..Circular and ellipse are the most common forms of pockmarks,whereas pockmarks in a special crescent or elongated shape are indicators of slope instabilities,and ring-shape pockmarks are endemic to the gas hydrate zones.Further researches should be focused on the trigger mechanism of climate changes based on the pockmarks in the high latitudes formed during the deglaciation periods,and the role of gas hydrates in the seafloor evolution should be elucidated.In addition,the feature of pockmarks at their early stage(e.g.,developing gas chimneys and gas driving sedimentary doming)and the relations between pockmarks and mass movements,mud diapirs could be further studied to clarify the influences of rapid methane release from submarine sediments on the atmospheric carbon contents.  相似文献   

Circulation and Heat Flux along the Western Boundary of the North Pacific     

JU Xia  MA Chao  XIONG Xuejun  GUO Yanliang  and YU Long 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2020,19(1):1-12

On the basis of the conductivity temperature depth(CTD)observation data off the coast of the Philippines(7.5°–18°N,130°E–the east coast of the Philippines)in the fall of 2005,the water mass distribution,geostrophic flow field,and heat budget are examined.Four water masses are present:the North Pacific Tropical Surface Water,the North Pacific Sub-surface Water,the North Pacific Intermediate Water,and the Antarctic Intermediate Water(AAIW).The previous three corresponded with the North Equatorial Current(NEC),the Kuroshio Current(KC),and the Mindanao Current(MC),respectively.AAIW is the source of the Mindanao Undercurrent.The mass transport of NEC,KC,and MC is 58.7,15,and 27.95Sv,respectively(relative to 1500db).NEC can be balanced by the transport across the whole transect 18°N(31.81 Sv)and 7.5°N(26.11 Sv)but not simply by KC and MC.Direct calculation is used to study the heat flux.In sum,1.45PW heat is transported outwards the observed region,which is much more than that released from the ocean to the air at the surface(0.05PW).The net heat lost decreased the water temperature by 0.75℃each month on average,and the trend agreed well with the SST change.Vertically,the heat transported by the currents is mainly completed in the upper 500 m.  相似文献   

高压密闭消解-电感耦合等离子体光谱和质谱联合测定海洋地质样品中52种元素   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

高晶晶  刘季花  李先国  鄢全树  王小静  汪虹敏 《海洋学报(英文版)》2017,36(1):109-117

An improved analytical method to determine the content of 52 major, minor and trace elements in marine geological samples, using a HF-HCl-HNO_3 acid system with a high-pressure closed digestion method(HPCD), is studied by an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry(ICP-OES) and an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS). The operating parameters of the instruments are optimized, and the optimal analytical parameters are determined. The influences of optical spectrum and mass spectrum interferences, digestion methods and acid systems on the analytical results are investigated. The optimal spectral lines and isotopes are chosen, and internal standard element of rhodium is selected to compensate for matrix effects and analytical signals drifting. Compared with the methods of an electric heating plate digestion and a microwave digestion, a high-pressure closed digestion method is optimized with less acid, complete digestion,less damage for digestion process. The marine geological samples are dissolved completely by a HF-HCl-HNO_3 system, the relative error(RE) for the analytical results are all less than 6.0%. The method detection limits are 2–40μg/g by the ICP-OES, and 6–80 ng/g by ICP-MS. The methods are used to determine the marine sediment reference materials(GBW07309, GBW07311, GBW07313), rock reference materials(GBW07103, GBW07104,GBW07105), and cobalt-rich crust reference materials(GBW07337, GBW07338, GBW07339), the obtained analytical results are in agreement with the certified values, and both of the relative standard deviation(RSD) and the relative error(RE) are less than 6.0%. The analytical method meets the requirements for determining 52 elements contents of bulk marine geological samples.  相似文献   

南极适冷菌菌株G在温度胁迫下的转录组分析     

王桢  李阳  林学政 《海洋学报(英文版)》2017,36(2):78-87

  相似文献   

南极普里兹湾海域湍流扩散系数估计          下载免费PDF全文

丁文祥  梁楚进  廖光洪  高立宝 《海洋学研究》2017,35(1):14-24

基于Thorpe尺度方法,利用CTD数据,计算了南极普里兹湾海域的Thorpe尺度和湍流扩散系数,分析了观测区域(64°～69°S,66°～80°E)湍流翻转现象的强弱及分布。结果表明,在海底和地形粗糙区存在较大的Thorpe尺度(较强湍流翻转)和湍流扩散系数,湍流扩散系数最大值能达到10^-2m²/s量级,比平坦开阔海洋高2～3个数量级,部分观测站位的湍流扩散系数和湍动能耗散率表现出大-小-大的垂向分布结构,总水深较深的区域尤为明显;深水区域的浮力频率在海表面到500 m层比较大,浅水区域该现象不明显;湍动能耗散率在(67.25°S,73°E)周围和经度为78°E的各站位都表现相对较大,能达到10^-6 w/kg量级,个别站位甚至能达到10^-5 w/kg量级。  相似文献   

全极化SAR图像中溢油极化特征研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

郑洪磊  张彦敏  王运华  张晰  孟俊敏 《海洋学报(英文版)》2017,36(5):105-114

相比于单极化SAR图像,全极化SAR图像不仅能体现海面目标的几何特征、后向散射特征,还能体现目标的极化特征。因此,在溢油检测方面,极化SAR更具优势。特征提取作为溢油检测的关键步骤,直接影响到溢油检测的精度。在本文中,我们分析了全极化SAR图像中海面溢油的极化特征,如极化散射熵、平均散射角等。并提出了新的极化特征P,该特征参数能够反映海面目标电磁散射过程中布拉格散射机制和镜面散射机制的比例。为了研究极化特征溢油检测的能力,本文基于SIR-C/X-SAR和Radarsat-2全极化SAR图像开展了相关实验,并对比分析了溢油的多种极化特征。实验结果显示,在中低风速情况下,C波段溢油探测效果优于L波段;本文提出的极化特征P对海面散射机制敏感;基准高度和特征参数P在C波段比其他极化特征更适于溢油检测。  相似文献   

北极径流增加对大西洋经向翻转环流影响的模拟研究     

舒启  乔方利  宋振亚  肖斌 《海洋学报(英文版)》2017,36(8):59-65

观测显示过去几十年间北极入海径流呈现增加趋势,CMIP5耦合模式预测表明21世纪北极入海径流仍会增加,在RCP8.5路径下,21世纪末北极入海径流量将会是1950年的1.4倍。本文利用冰-海耦合数值模式研究了北极径流增加对大西洋经向翻转环流的影响。基于两个数值实验的结果表明,如果北极入海径流按每年0.22%的速度（与RCP8.5路径下的速度相当）增加,大西洋经向翻转环流的强度在100、150和200年后将会分别减弱0.6（3%）、1.2（7%）和1.8（11%） Sv。北极入海径流增加导致大西洋经向翻转环流减弱的主要原因是,北极入海径流增加的淡水被输运到北大西洋后,会抑制北大西洋深层水的生成,这也会导致北大西洋深层水海水年龄的增加。  相似文献   

印尼热泉菌Bacillus sp. BI-3产琼胶酶的发酵条件优化     

沙玉杰  杨平平  何培青  李江  许媛  张曲 《海洋与湖沼》2013,44(5):1358-1364

采用响应面法对1株高产琼胶酶的印度尼西亚热泉菌Bacillus sp. BI-3的发酵条件进行优化。首先以温度、pH、不同碳源、不同氮源、不同金属离子及接种量作为唯一变量进行单因素实验, 筛选出对酶活有显著影响的单因素取值范围; 参考单因素实验结果, 采用Plackett-Burman实验设计筛选出影响酶活主要因素, 再利用Box-Behnken设计及响应面分析法进行回归分析以确定最佳发酵条件。结果表明, D-甘露糖、氯化锶和氯化钙与酶活存在着显著的相关性, 通过求解回归方程得到Bacillus sp. BI-3的发酵条件系统优化的结果为: 酵母粉0.3%、D-甘露糖0.66%、蛋白胨0.6%、氯化钙7.21mmol/L、氯化锶6.00mmol/L、氯化钠添加量6‰、培养温度为55℃、接种量1%、初始pH 6.0, 优化后发酵上清液的酶活达到6.0U/mL, 比优化前提高了2.4倍。  相似文献   

Seafloor Classification of Multibeam Sonar Data Using Neural Network Approach     

Xinghua Zhou  Yongqi Chen 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(2):201-206

In this study, the self-organizing map (SOM), which is an unsupervised clustering algorithm, and a supervised proportional learning vector quantization (PLVQ), are employed to develop a combined method of seafloor classification using multibeam sonar backscatter data. The PLVQ is a generalized learning vector quantization based on the proportional learning law (PLL). The proposed method was evaluated in an area where there are four types of sediments. The results show that the performance of the proposed method is better than the SOM and a statistical classification method.  相似文献   

GPS单点测速技术在海浪测量中的应用研究     

单瑞  刘焱雄  赵铁虎  张晓波  秦轲 《海洋通报(英文版)》2013,(2):59-70

分析比对了GPS单点测速技术与其他已有测波手段的不同,讨论了基于多普勒频移的GPS测速方法,并分析了各类误差对测速精度的影响。分别利用原始多普勒值和导出多普勒值进行了静态测速试验和动态测速试验,将导出多普勒测速结果与RTK（RealTimeKinematic,实时动态测量系统）位置差分测速进行了比测。结果表明,使用静态数据采用高频导出多普勒值测速的精度可以达到亚厘米级每秒,而采用原始多普勒观测值进行测速因接收机型号的不同,结果差异较大;动态测速试验中,采用导出多普勒测速的方法与RTK位置差分测速的符合精度可达cm／s。  相似文献